Ingot   l  Wafer   l  Cell  l  Module  l  System Integration

Ingot CNPV has been developing its strong vertically integrated business model, to produce its own ingots, wafers, cells and modules in house. This integrated value chain helps us to continuously improve the production process as well as ensure high quality and cost effective products to customers. This value chain starts with the processing of quarts sand to produce metallurgical-grade silicon. This material is further purified to semiconductor-grade polysilicon feedstock. In most widely used manufacturing process, feedstock is melted in high temperature furnaces and then formed into ingots through a crystallization process. Ingots are cut and shaped, then sliced into wafers using high precision slicing techniques. Wafers are manufactured into solar cells through a multi-step manufacturing process that includes etching, doping, coating and applying electrical contacts. Solar cells are then interconnected and hermetically sealed to form solar modules, which together with system components such as charger controller, batteries and inverters, are distributed to system integrators, service providers or directly to end-users, for installation for on-grid or off-grid  PV solar systems.             Crystal Growing Machines

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WAFER Efficient wafer sawing requires the careful optimization of numerous variables, including machine speed, wire tension, slurry composition, and temperature level. After the ingots are inspected, monocrystalline ingots are squared by squaring machines. Through high-precision cutting techniques, the squared ingots are then sliced into wafers by wire saws using steel wires and silicon carbon power. To produce multicrystalline wafers, multicrystalline ingots are first cut into pre-determined sizes. After a testing process, the multicrystalline ingots are cropped and the usable parts of the ingots are sliced into wafers by wire saws by the same high-precision cutting techniques as used for slicing monocrystalline wafers. After being inserted into frames, the wafers go through a cleansing process to remove debris from the previous processes, and are then dried. Wafers are inspected for contaminants and packed and transferred to our solar cell production facilities.

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CELL To reduce our dependence on third-party solar cells to solar cell manufacturers and to increase our efficiencies both in solar cell and solar module manufacturing, the first 50 MWp crystalline solar cell manufacturing facility has been put into operation in 2010. To manufacture solar cells, the crystalline silicon wafer is used as the base substrate. After cleaning and texturing the surface, emitter is formed through a diffusion process. The front and back sides of the wafer are then isolated using the plasma etching technique, the oxide formed during the diffusion process is removed and thus an electrical field is formed. We then apply an anti-reflective coating to the surface of the cell using plasma enhanced chemical vapors to enhance the absorption of sunlight. The front and back sides of the cell are screen printed with metallic inks and the cell then undergoes a fire treatment in order to preserve its mechanical and electrical properties. The cell is tested and classified according to its parameter.

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MODULE We began module manufacturing in 2006. We currently have 12production lines consisting of 300MW, and plan to increase our annual capacity to 600MW by end of 2011. Module manufacturing process involves electrically connecting of solar cells and hermetically sealing with high reliable polymer, superstrate & substrate. Then the laminate with be protected with anodized aluminum frame and junction box and a set of connection cables on the back of a module allow the easy connection of one module to another at the site of installation.       Vaccum Laminator CNPV-295M to CNPV-305M CNPV-290P to CNPV-300P We convert solar cells into highly quality modules at competitive costs. We apply advanced quality manufacturing techniques to ensure that our modules comply with international standards including ISO and we also obtained IEC 61215, IEC61730, CE certifications for our core PV modules families. CNPV manufactures and commercializes a wide range of SPV modules, both monocrystalline and polycrystalline with power output from 10Wp to 305Wp. Our customers are located in Europe, Asia and North America.

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SYSTEM INTEGRATION Systems installation covers a broad range of possible SPV applications, from utility-scale SPV, to commercial and residential rooftops, to building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV), to off-grid industrial and residential systems in rural areas. Each category presents its own unique challenges for cost-effectively deploying SPV solar modules. In China, CNPV has designed and installed SPV systems used in off-grid applications such as outdoor urban pubic facilities, farms, and villages, as well as in geographically remote telecommunications and transportation systems.